Renova Menthol Sensitive Tissues Handkerchiefs (6 Packs of 9) - Extra Soft

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Methods: Using the pharmacopeias and electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI, this study analyzed the relevant research articles and review articles from 2002 to 2022 and concluded those results and conjectures to finish this article. Colburn R. W., Lubin M. L., Stone D. J., Jr., Wang Y., Lawrence D., D’Andrea M. R., et al. (2007). Attenuated cold sensitivity in TRPM8 null mice. Neuron 54 Activation of TRPM8 by menthol analog icilin is reported to produce analgesia by activating central inhibitory pathways ( Chung and Caterina, 2007; Dhaka et al., 2007), which make use of inhibitory group II/III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the spinal cord (mGluRs). Numerous studies revealed that the mGluRs play a major role in modulatory central nervous system pathways and have been suggested to have pharmacological antinociceptive implications in inflammatory, neuropathic, and acute pain ( Fisher et al., 2002; Simmons et al., 2002; Chen and Pan, 2005).

In conclusion, it is seemingly that menthol administration in a great variety of experimental models and settings is associated with anti-inflammatory activity. This activity is characterized by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and related inflammatory markers, including those potentially linked to chronic inflammation, as well as pathway activation that is linked to the regulation of inflammatory enzymes and proteins. Furthermore, menthol administration in pathological inflammatory contexts appears to have favorable outcomes on histopathological characteristics of lesions and wider biological effects. As menthol is considered a safe agent for humans, given the widespread use and medical indications for menthol-containing products at present, the therapeutic potential of menthol as an anti-inflammatory can justifiably be considered on the basis of this review. Bleakley C., McDonough S., MacAuley D. (2004). The use of ice in the treatment of acute soft-tissue injury: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Sports Med. 32 Harrison J. L., Davis K. D. (1999). Cold-evoked pain varies with skin type and cooling rate: A psychophysical study in humans. Pain 83Fan L., Balakrishna S., Jabba S. V., Bonner P. E., Taylor S. R., Picciotto M. R., et al. (2016). Menthol decreases oral nicotine aversion in C57BL/6 mice through a TRPM8-dependent mechanism. Tob. Control. 25 Diver M. M., Cheng Y., Julius D. (2019). Structural insights into TRPM8 inhibition and desensitization. Science 365 Sundar et al. ( 69) and Kaur et al. ( 70) have noted that tobacco flavoring can influence the inflammatory response of cigarette smoke inhalation in the lungs. A variety of flavors added to tobacco have been associated with decreased viability of cells, decreased cell numbers in cultures, and increased levels of inflammation after exposure compared with unflavored tobacco, including when flavored with menthol ( 69). It is proposed that menthol acts on the TRPA1 receptor to activate an inflammatory response in lung parenchyma based on cell experiments and animal models of cigarette smoke inhalation ( 30, 71). Markers of inflammation elevated with menthol flavored smoke inhalation included cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin levels, which are recognized as drivers of an acute local inflammatory reaction in various tissue types ( 30). Fernández J. A., Skryma R., Bidaux G., Magleby K. L., Scholfield C. N., McGeown J. G., et al. (2011). Voltage- and cold-dependent gating of single TRPM8 ion channels. J. Gen. Physiol. 137 Neuropathy is one of the most common long-term complications of diabetes, characterized by altered thermal, mechanical, and chemical sensation. Of three large, clinic-based studies from Europe, the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy varied from 23–29% ( Young et al., 1993; Tesfaye et al., 1996; Cabezas-Cerrato, 1998). Preclinical studies have shown that there was an increase in TRPV1-mediated currents but a decrease in TRPM8-mediated currents in DRG isolated from diabetic hyperalgesia mice. Therefore, menthol, which has the effect of targeting TRPV1 or TRPM8, may be a useful approach to treat pain associated with diabetic neuropathy ( Pabbidi and Premkumar, 2017). There has been a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of the efficacy and safety of menthol topically alone or in combination with mannitol in the relief of diabetic neuropathy ( {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02728687","term_id":"NCT02728687"}}NCT02728687), with no results have been reported.

Cold hypersensitivity alleviated, no change in receptive field size was observed or in heat, dynamic brush, or electrically evoked responses Gunthorpe M. J., Chizh B. A. (2009). Clinical development of TRPV1 antagonists: Targeting a pivotal point in the pain pathway. Drug Discov. Today 14Gudin J. A., Dietze D. T., Hurwitz P. L. (2020). Improvement of pain and function after use of a topical pain relieving patch: Results of the RELIEF study. J. Pain Res. 13 Bautista D. M., Jordt S. E., Nikai T., Tsuruda P. R., Read A. J., Poblete J., et al. (2006). TRPA1 mediates the inflammatory actions of environmental irritants and proalgesic agents. Cell 124 Colvin L. A., Bull F., Hales T. G. (2019). Perioperative opioid analgesia-when is enough too much? A review of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. Lancet 393 Iftinca M., Basso L., Flynn R., Kwok C., Roland C., Hassan A., et al. (2020). Chronic morphine regulates TRPM8 channels via MOR-PKCβ signaling. Mol Brain 13:61. 10.118 Hall A. C., Turcotte C. M., Betts B. A., Yeung W. Y., Agyeman A. S., Burk L. A. (2004). Modulation of human GABAA and glycine receptor currents by menthol and related monoterpenoids. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 506

Menthol is one of the most important flavorings additives besides vanilla and citrus ( Kamatou et al., 2013) and is used as a cooling and/or flavors enhancing ingredient in medicines, cosmetics and insecticides, confectionery, chewing gum, liqueurs, toothpaste, shampoos, and soaps ( Patel et al., 2007; Kolassa, 2013). Menthol exhibits unique, multiple, and paradoxical sensory effects when applied externally to the skin or mucous membranes. menthol application at low doses produces a cooling sensation, whereas at higher doses, it evokes burning, irritation, and pain ( Wei and Seid, 1983; Wasner et al., 2004; Namer et al., 2005; Proudfoot et al., 2006). In practice, various topical over-the-counter products containing menthol for pain relief have concentrations ranging 5−16% (320−1024 mM) ( Oz et al., 2017). Higashi Y., Kiuchi T., Furuta K. (2010). Efficacy and safety profile of a topical methyl salicylate and menthol patch in adult patients with mild to moderate muscle strain: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Clin. Ther. 32 Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a severe and painful adverse reaction of cancer treatment in patients. CIPN that occurs during chemotherapy, sometimes requiring dose reduction or cessation, impacting on survival ( Colvin, 2019). Menthol activated TRPM8 channels are a promising therapeutic target in CIPN ( Colvin, 2019). In Fallon et al. (2015), in a proof-of-concept study, determined that 82% of evaluable patients had an improvement in their total pain scores after 4−6 weeks of treatment with topical 1% menthol cream, and 50% had a clinically relevant reduction in pain scores of at least 30%. Cortellini et al. (2017) reported the remarkable treatment with menthol cream of a male patient with a history of metastatic colon cancer and previous chemotherapies who had neuropathy that impaired his quality of life and limited further chemotherapy. Another clinical study ( {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01855607","term_id":"NCT01855607"}}NCT01855607, as shown in Table 2) assessed whether 6 weeks of treatment with topical menthol twice daily would reduce CIPN in patients have completed adjuvant or neo-adjuvant Taxane based breast cancer therapy or Oxaliplatin based colon cancer chemotherapy. Recently, a phase II study ( {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT04276727","term_id":"NCT04276727"}}NCT04276727, as shown in Table 2) used a special brain scan called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to help determine whether topical menthol therapy has potential for CIPN patients. In a word, CIPN patients may benefit from the use of menthol, either during the treatment of patients complain of subjective improvement, lead to a better quality of life, and can be implemented without interruption of chemotherapy and effective chemotherapy dose delivery, which in turn lead to longer survival, is likely to be an effective potential palliative treatment option.

Engelhard D., Hofer P., Annaheim S. (2019). Evaluation of the effect of cooling strategies on recovery after surgical intervention. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 5:e000527. 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000527 Corvalán N. A., Zygadlo J. A., García D. A. (2009). Stereo-selective activity of menthol on GABA(A) receptor. Chirality 21 In the physiological state, high concentrations of menthol can induce TRPM8 sensitization and promote the development of cold allodynia and cold hyperalgesia by excessively lowering the cold pain threshold. Menthol-induced cold hypersensitivity is believed to primarily rely on direct sensitization of TRPM8 on Aδ and C-fibers ( Andersen et al., 2014). Numerous studies indicate that high concentration of menthol can cause hyperalgesia in cold perception in rodents (>10% wt/vol or >640 mM for mice topically, Tajino et al., 2007), which may make menthol valuable in pre-clinical screening of analgesic agents for cold hyperalgesia ( Rossi et al., 2006; Tajino et al., 2007), and it provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of experimental cold hyperalgesia pain model in human with topically high concentration of menthol (>30% wt/vol for healthy subjects, Hatem et al., 2006). Hemmings H. C., Jr., Akabas M. H., Goldstein P. A., Trudell J. R., Orser B. A., Harrison N. L. (2005). Emerging molecular mechanisms of general anesthetic action. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26 Except for TRPM8, there are other channels of the TRP subfamily, including TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV3, which can also be influenced directly or indirectly by menthol, and are seemingly involved in the process of menthol’s anti-inflammatory effect.