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ANATOMY OF THE MOTOR CAR

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The engine’s electrical system provides energy to operate a starting motor and to power all the accessories. The main components of the electrical system are a battery, an alternator, a starting motor, an ignition coil, and a heater. 21. The Car Body The hybrid system also includes an energy store (ES) that stores electrical energy recovered from braking and exhaust gas, and a control electronics (CE) unit that manages the power flow between the engine, MGU-H, MGU-K and ES. A car hood also referred to as a bonnet in some other countries is the hinged cover that rests over the engine of a front-engine vehicle. Its purpose is to provide access to the engine for repair and maintenance.

On the right side of the slash symbol, you’ll find two numbers, a letter, and two more numbers. The first set of numbers represents the aspect ratio of the tire’s height to its width. In our P215/65R15 example, those numbers are 65, which means the tire’s sidewall height is 65% as large as the tire’s width. Most of the body components are welded together to form a light rattle-free unit. Automobiles may also be classed based on their body style. 22. Speedometer The frame is supported on wheel axles by means of springs. This whole assembly is called the chassis. F1 cars rely on their Rear Wheel Drive systems and other technologies to optimize their traction and performance. These include: Unlike modern motorsport, where higher minimum weight limits mean cars are often ballasted to reach the target figure, it was genuinely hard for manufacturers to get their cars light enough, despite using advanced materials only seen otherwise in F1. Audi struggled and, as Davenport confirms, a 6R4 only hit the 960kg minimum in sprint spec, struggling to fall below the ton for longer events where more strength was required.The modern automobile uses a wide variety of accessories to make driving safer and more comfortable. Typical examples are self-starter driving and signaling lights such as headlights, tail lights, brake lights, parking lights, windshield wipers, horns, indicators, radio, heating, air conditioning systems, power steering, etc. Confusion usually arises between the rim and the wheel. People sometimes refer to the wheel as a rim and vice versa. Let’s distinguish between the two the rim is only part of the wheel, while the wheel is made up of the rim, tire, and other components.

Powertrain and gearboxes One of the most important parts of a manual car, the gearbox should move smoothly and be treated with care. Different types of gearboxes, otherwise known as transmission Most importantly, the alternator regulates the voltage to maintain a consistent electrical supply. It prevents overcharging of the battery and ensures that the electrical components receive the right amount of power. Starter motor and solenoid A key component of modern engines, the fuel injection system ensures optimal combustion. The fuel injectors precisely deliver fuel into the engine cylinders, enhancing efficiency and power.Finally, add highlights to the edges and surfaces where the light reflects most, like the tops of the windows and the front of the car.

The throttle body and air intake system collaborate to control the airflow into the engine. The throttle manages the quantity of air entering the engine, and the air intake system ensures a clean and efficient air supply. A rotary engine is an internal combustion engine, but it's not like the one in most cars. Also called a Wankel engine, this type of engine performs intake, compression, combustion and exhaust in a different part of the housing. Learn about the unique rotary setup and how it compares performance-wise to a piston engine. The camshaft has a huge effect on engine performance. It helps let the air/fuel mixture into the engine and get the exhaust out. Learn all about the camshaft and how a new one can radically change an engine's behavior. Radial engines reached their zenith during WWII. But today they are not that common. One place where you can still see the radial engine's influence is in the two-cylinder engine of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle. This remarkable engine can be thought of, in a way, as two pistons from a radial engine. Find out about radial engines. This coordinated effort transforms electrical energy into mechanical motion. Wiring harness and fusesSLI batteries constitute six galvanic cells – see the ‘Anatomy of a car battery’ diagram for details – laid out in series. Each cell delivers 2.1 volts of electromotive force that, when combined, produce a 12.6-volt SLI battery (commonly advertised as 12-volt). One of these 12-volt batteries is powerful enough to keep a car’s systems running for years, though larger diesel vehicles may employ two. Car steering is not only required on a curved road but also while maneuvering on busy traffic roads. The steering system allows the vehicle to be guided, i.e., to be turned left or right. Another four-cylinder layout is called the “flat four.” Here the cylinders are laid horizontally in two banks, with the crankshaft going down the middle.

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