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Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients: 6th Revised edition

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Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide for oral and sublingual preparations. Included in the Canadian List of Agar is widely used in food applications as a stabilizing agent. In pharmaceutical applications, agar is used in a handful of oral tablet and topical formulations. It has also been investigated in a number of experimental pharmaceutical applications including as a sustained-release agent in gels, beads, microspheres, and tablets.(1–4) It has also been reported to work as a disintegrant in tablets.(5) Agar has been used in a floating controlled-release tablet; the buoyancy in part being attributed to air entrapped in the agar gel network.(6) It can be used as a viscosity-increasing agent in aqueous systems. Agar can also be used as a base for nonmelting, and nondisintegrating suppositories.(7) Agar has an application as a suspending agent in pharmaceutical suspensions.(8) 8

Aqueous solutions are subject to bacterial or enzymatic degradation but may be preserved by initially boiling the solution for a short time to inactivate any enzymes present; microwave irradiation can also be used.(5) Aqueous solutions may also be preserved by the addition of an antimicrobial preservative such as 0.1% w/v benzoic acid, 0.1% w/v sodium benzoate, or a mixture of 0.17% w/v methylparaben and 0.03% propylparaben. Powdered acacia should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

mouse, oral): 3.0 g/kg(5) (mouse, IP): 1.297 g/kg (rabbit, oral): 5.340 g/kg (rabbit, skin): 0.2 g/kg E260; ethanoic acid; ethylic acid; methane carboxylic acid; vinegar acid. See also Sections 17 and 18. JT Stewart University of Georgia Athens, GA, USA Y Sun University of Tennessee Memphis, TN, USA AK Taylor Baton Rouge, LA, USA MS Tesconi Wyeth Research Pearl River, NY, USA Acetyltributyl Citrate slightly irritating to the eyes and may be irritating to the respiratory system as a mist or at elevated temperatures. Gloves and eye protection are recommended for normal handling, and a respirator is recommended when using acetyltributyl citrate at elevated temperatures. 16 Dilute ammonia solution Dilute hydrochloric acid Dilute phosphoric acid Dilute sulfuric acid Dimethyl-b-cyclodextrin Dioctyl phthalate Dipotassium edetate Docusate calcium Docusate potassium Dodecyl gallate Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide Edetate calcium disodium Eglumine Ethyl gallate Ethylene glycol monopalmitate Ethylene glycol monostearate Ethyl linoleate Ethylparaben potassium Ethylparaben sodium Extra virgin olive oil Fine virgin olive oil Fuming sulfuric acid Gamma tocopherol Hard water Hesperidin Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide High-fructose syrup Hyaluronic acid Hydrogenated lanolin Hydrogenated vegetable oil, type II 2-Hydroxyethyl-b-cyclodextrin 2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin 3-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin Indigo carmine Invert sugar Isotrehalose Lampante virgin olive oil Lanolin alcohols ointment DL-Leucine Liquefied phenol Liquid fructose Magnesium carbonate anhydrous Magnesium carbonate hydroxide Magnesium lauryl sulfate Magnesium metasilicate Magnesium orthosilicate Magnesium trisilicate anhydrous D-Malic acid L-Malic acid d-Menthol l-Menthol Methyl lactate Methyl linoleate Methyl methacrylate Methyl oleate

All of the 400+ monographs are also thoroughly cross-referenced and indexed to allow their identification by chemical, non-proprietary or trade names. It is internationally recognised as the authoritative source of information on pharmaceutical excipients and a comprehensive guide to uses, properties and safety. Tim Wood GlaxoSmithKline Ware, Hertfordshire, UK Mukund Yelvigi Wyeth Research Pearl River, NY, USA Human serum albumin has a molecular weight of about 66 500 and is a single polypeptide chain consisting of 585 amino acids. Characteristic features are a single tryptophan residue, a relatively low content of methionine (6 residues), and a large number of cysteine (17) and of charged amino acid residues of aspartic acid (36), glutamic acid (61), lysine (59), and arginine (23). 5 differential scanning calorimetry. European Community. exemplit gratia, ‘for example’. European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. et alii, ‘and others’. European Union. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. Food Chemicals Codex. Food and Drug Administration of the USA. designation applied in USA to dyes permitted for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Flat face beveled edge. gram(s). Good Manufacturing Practice. generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration of the USA. hydrocarbon. hydrochlorofluorocarbon. hydrofluorocarbon. human immunodeficiency virus. hydrophilic–lipophilic balance. Health and Safety Executive (UK). id est, ‘that is’. intramuscular. International Nonproprietary Name. intraperitoneal. International Organization for Standardization. International Units. intravenous. joule(s). Japanese Pharmacopeia. Japanese Pharmaceutical Excipients kilocalorie(s). kilogram(s). kilojoule(s). kilopascal(s). liter(s). Limulus amoebocyte lysate. a concentration in air lethal to 50% of the specified animals on inhalation. a dose lethal to 50% of the specified animals or microorganisms. lowest lethal dose for the specified animals or microorganisms. meter(s). square meter(s). cubic meter(s). molar. maximum. Medicines Control Agency (UK). Acesulfame potassium possesses good stability. In the bulk form it shows no sign of decomposition at ambient temperature over many years. In aqueous solutions (pH 3.0–3.5 at 208C) no reduction in sweetness was observed over a period of approximately 2 years. Stability at elevated temperatures is good, although some decomposition was noted following storage at 408C for several months. Sterilization and pasteurization do not affect the taste of acesulfame potassium.(5) The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place. 12Improve acceptability to patients, aid identification and prevent counterfeiting. Increase stability of light-sensitive drugs.

New chapters providing support to the formulator, such as excipient selection for orally inhaled and also injectable formulations Glacial and diluted acetic acid solutions are widely used as acidifying agents in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations and food preparations. Acetic acid is used in pharmaceutical products as a buffer system when combined with an acetate salt such as sodium acetate. Acetic acid is also claimed to have some antibacterial and antifungal properties. You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of the material handled. When heated to decomposition, agar emits acrid smoke and fumes. 16 Improve the flow of powders during tablet manufacturing by reducing friction and adhesion between particles. Also used as anti-caking agents.Acetyltriethyl citrate is used to plasticize polymers in formulated pharmaceutical coatings.(1) The coating applications include capsules, tablets, beads and granules for taste masking, immediate release, sustained-release and enteric formulations.(2–5) It is also used in diffusion-controlled release drug delivery systems.(6) Acetone is considered moderately toxic, and is a skin irritant and severe eye irritant. Skin irritation has been reported due to its defatting action, and prolonged inhalation may result in headaches. Inhalation of acetone can produce systemic effects such as conjunctival irritation, respiratory system effects, nausea, and vomiting.(5) LD50 LD50 LD50 LD50 Aid dispersion of the tablet in the gastrointestinal tract, releasing the active ingredient and increasing the surface area for dissolution

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